Graf et al. (2016) present a method for optimally selecting and placing wind turbines to maximise energy production. They use a heuristic optimisation algorithm that combines a hybrid genetic and a gradient-based algorithm, considering various constraints such as distance between turbines and extreme wind conditions. The study concludes that considering multiple turbine types and their placement can significantly increase the wind farms’ Annual Energy Production (AEP); the presented method can guide the complexities of wind farm layout and turbine type decision-making.

Graf, Peter, Katherine Dykes, George Scott, Jason Fields, Monte Lunacek, Julian Quick, and Pierre-Elouan Rethore. 2016. “Wind Farm Turbine Type and Placement Optimization.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series 753 (September): 062004. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/753/6/062004.