Johnny Butler

November 27, 2025

REST APIs vs Agent-Specific Tools: Why Modern Platforms Need Both

As AI agents become first-class users of our platforms, many teams are discovering something surprising:

Our traditional REST APIs are not always the best interface for them.

REST was designed for browsers, servers, and mobile apps.
AI agents — especially those built on protocols like Model Context Protocol (MCP) — interact with systems very differently.

This shift has created a new pattern:
Agent-specific tools and resources, which run alongside traditional REST endpoints, not instead of them.

1. Traditional REST Resources: Built for Apps and Humans

REST has been the backbone of APIs for years. It’s predictable, stable, cache-friendly, and great for humans to reason about.

Example REST endpoint:

GET /api/v1/products?query=cement

Strengths of REST
  • Standardised patterns (CRUD, pagination, filters)
  • Well-understood by developers, tools, SDKs
  •  Easy to secure (tokens, sessions, headers)
  •  Easy to test and integrate with frontend apps
  • Data-focused — returns structured JSON

REST is perfect when you're building:
  • Frontend / mobile clients
  • Integrations for partners
  • Internal dashboards
  • Reporting tools

But REST starts to show limitations when the consumer is not a human developer — but an AI agent.

2. Agent-Specific Tools & Resources: Built for ML Models

AI agents don’t think in terms of CRUD APIs.

They think in terms of:
  • Tasks
  • Operations
  • Goals
  • Plans

For example, an agent doesn’t want a “GET endpoint”.
It wants a tool like:

product_search(query: string) → list of products

Agents need:

Higher-level abstractions
A tool that encapsulates business logic, not just raw data.

Safer, constrained operations
Agents should not be able to PUT, PATCH or delete arbitrary resources.

Natural-language-aligned actions
Tools map to intents, not endpoints.

Well-structured, predictable outputs
Agents need stable, verifiable data shapes — not every field you might return to a frontend.

Stateless or lightly-stateful interactions
Tools map to requests, not resource state transitions.

This is where MCP tools come in.

3. The Core Difference: “Resources” vs “Capabilities”

REST: Resources
REST exposes things:
  • products
  • orders
  • customers
  • quotes

These are nouns, entities, and collections.

MCP Tools: Capabilities
MCP exposes actions:
  • product_search
  • estimate_delivery_window
  • compare_quotes
  • check_stock_level

These are verbs — tasks and operations.

Agents understand verbs far better than nouns.

4. Why REST Alone Isn’t Enough for Agents

Let’s say you're exposing product search to an agent.

REST version:
GET /api/v1/products?query=cement&category=bagged

REST returns every field, pagination metadata, pricing fields that don’t matter, etc.

AI agents struggle with:
  • overly complex payloads
  • noisy fields
  • inconsistent shapes
  • nested objects
  • needing multiple requests to accomplish one job

MCP tool version:
tools/product_search:
  input: { query: string }
  output: { products: [{ name, price, sku, pack_size }] }

The agent gets only what it needs to perform a task.
Not a database dump.

5. Why Keeping Both Is Powerful

You don't want to replace REST.
REST powers your customers, your frontend, your partners, and your long-lived ecosystem integrations.

But agents benefit from a different interface that is:
  • more intentional
  • safer
  • more constrained
  • easier for LLMs to interpret
  • aligned with natural language workflows

Analogy
  • REST is like exposing a database over HTTP.
  • MCP tools are like exposing a concierge that performs tasks for you.

Both coexist beautifully.


6. The Big Picture: REST + MCP = Future-Proof APIs

By keeping REST resources and agent tools separate, you get the best of both worlds:

REST
For humans and systems that want stable, CRUD-like, predictable resource access.

MCP Tools
For AI agents that want to perform tasks safely, consistently, and efficiently.
This dual-layer API design is becoming a standard pattern in systems adopting LLMs.

Conclusion

REST APIs aren’t going anywhere — they’re foundational.
But AI agents require a different interface, one that reflects actions instead of resources.

By introducing MCP tools alongside traditional REST resources, you give:
  • Apps: a clean API
  • Agents: a safe, structured, task-based interface
  • Your platform: flexibility to evolve

The future of APIs isn’t REST vs MCP —
it’s REST and MCP, working together.